Chinese art of the Ching peri essays

Chinese art of the Ch'ing peri essays From the earliest awakenings of Chinese civilization, the Chinese have sought out what they believe to be spiritual perfection. This numinous sense of flawlessness existed within the people themselves, in nature, and between the two as well. Art has always been a common means for the Chinese to achieve such inner tranquility and peace. In their art, they stressed the dignified qualities of serenity, grace, and balance. They avoided confusion, conflict, and all violent emotions no matter what the price. Unsettling or revolutionary forms of experimental art were not welcome even to this day. On the other hand, expressing nobility and inner-worth was considered a necessity. It has been rightfully stated that Chinese art is not just a hobby. It is ultimately a way of being . To appreciate the significance of art fully, we must keep in mind a commandment of Confucius: Raise yourself to the beautiful. The Ching period, also referred to as the Manchu period was an extremely active one for the arts. It was an age of research, preservation of ancient texts, and the collecting of bronzes and paintings. There was no great change in the manner of painting after the fall of the Ming. A variety of styles for painters to follow already existed. Many painters varied their own personal style by combining those styles which preceded them. However, the most renowned Ching painters relied on their own ingenuity to create styles that even the weight of tradition could not suffocate. During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most artists followed the examples of Tung Chi-chang. He believed in not just reproducing natures outer appearance, but expressing his own inner feelings on the subject at hand. The Ching painters studied the old masters, as Tung Chi-chang suggested to them, in order to discover their technical secrets. Later they learned to us ...

The Way of Confucius essays

The Way of Confucius essays Confucius is one of the most famous of the ancient Chinese philosophers. Confucius lived from 551 to 479 BC. He believed that Chinese culture had peaked during the height of the Zhou dynasty. During their reign, the Zhou rulers adhered to a set of practices referred to as the li, also called rites or rituals. These rites governed all aspects of Chinese culture. The rites told everything, from the way huge political ceremonies should be conducted, to what is the proper way to respond to the receiving of a gift. During Confucius life, the role of the Zhou kings was reduced to mere figureheads and many of the rites had been lost, forgotten, or reduced to a lesser role. Confucius decided that he was to revive the practice of the rites and show others back to the way of the dao, or the way of heaven. In an effort to accomplish this, Confucius would not only strive to strictly follow the rites himself, he would dedicate his life to teaching and spreading them to others as well. The teachings of Confucius cover a wide variety of topics, as they were meant to govern all aspects of ones life. Some of the most important aspects of the rites taught by Confucius regard family relations, desirable traits of character, proper ways of governing, and aspects of ren or true humaneness or humanity. While some of his teachings are ideas specific to his time and culture, such as the proper colors to be worn by nobility, other teachings such as family relations and virtue of character are just as valuable to todays society as it was for his own. One of the most important aspects of life for Confucius was family life and relationships. Many of his teachings are therefore related to such topics. The main points of Confucius teaching regarding family life have to do with filial obligations and respect among the family. He had become dishearte...

Coup dÃ…il - French Expression

Coup dÅ“il - French Expression Expression: Un coup dÅ“ilPronunciation: [koo deuy]Meaning: glance, glimpse, quick lookLiteral translation: blow/stroke of the eyeRegister: Normal Notes The French expression un coup dÅ“il indicates a quick glance and can be used with many different verbs.   Examples The most common  is  jeter  (to throw):  Ã‚     jeter un coup dÅ“il / dans / sur   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to glance at / in / on   Ã‚  Ã‚  jeter un coup dÅ“il autour de soi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to glance around (oneself)   Ã‚  Ã‚  jeter un coup dÅ“il pour voir si...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to take a look to see if... The verb lancer (to throw, hurl, fling) can be used interchangeably with jeter in the above expressions. Related Expressions There are some different types of coups dÅ“il:   un (petit) coup dÅ“il discret - quick glance, discreet look  un coup dÅ“il en dessous - shifty look  un coup dÅ“il furieux - furious glance  un coup dÅ“il furtif - quick glance, furtive look  un coup dÅ“il indiffà ©rent - perfunctory glance  un coup dÅ“il rà ©trospectif - retrospect, look back Un coup dÅ“il can also be used with a few other verbs, for various meaning changes: apprà ©cier dun coup dÅ“il - to sum up, assessavoir le coup dÅ“il pour - to have an eye for, have a gift for, be good at spottingiler un coup dÅ“il (informal) - to take a lookjauger dun coup dÅ“il - to size up at a glancevaloir le coup dÅ“il - to be worth seeing More Expressions   au premier coup dÅ“il - at first glance  un beau coup dÅ“il - nice view  dun coup dÅ“il - at a glance  jeter un Å“il (informal) - to have a look, check out

Multinational Business in the Chinese Economy Research Paper - 1

Multinational Business in the Chinese Economy - Research Paper Example The persistence poverty level, especially in Northern Shaanxi and other parts of China, is due to economic disparities. The income disparity has been the key issues in China; thus, here is the need to widen the geographical income gaps, avoid industrial clusters and improve infrastructures, which are barriers to economic growth in the interior geographical locations of China. Dimensions of Distance The distance matters for multinational business because of varied issues. First, the cultural distance is one of the matters for successful business performance and economic growth of China. Differences in language are one of the cultural issues impacting the economic and geographical locations of the multinational companies. The language barrier is still a problem for companies carrying out business activities overseas. This is because the Chinese have their language, which they use in the country, and it is difficult for foreigners to understand. Moreover, different ethnicities and poor social network communication are attributes of cultural distance. Lack of effective and well-developed social networks may hinder the successful business performance of multinational companies. China has many industries, some of which are multinational companies located within the economy. However, due to poor infrastructure development, especially roads and the communication network, many of them are unable to meet their demanding goals because of lack of connective ethnic or social networks. Ghemawat argues that an economy’s cultural attributes such as ethnicity, social norms, different languages or national identity on consumer products matter a lot in business activities.  This is because religious beliefs, ethnicity, language or social norms are capable of creating distance between two economies (Ghemawat 140). Secondly, the administration distance is another matter for multinational business. Historical and political organizations being shared by more than one country may create an impact on multinational business. Ghemawat points out that government policies, political hostility, lack of shared or political connections and institution weakness are among the attributes creating administrative distance (140). These attributes may impact the effective business performance of multinational companies. China is one of the emerging economies that have made efforts to improve the economic growth. However, an administrative distance is still a matter towards becoming a fully developed nation. For instance, individual government policies including environmental, trade and other policies create a barrier for successful multinational business. Thirdly, geographical distances matter for multinational business. This is through creating barriers towards successful business performance because of increased transportation costs, bulk ratio issues and losses encountered in the transportation of fragile or perishable commodities in a long distance. Geographical d istance is not a matter of how far is the place in terms of miles or kilometers – other attributes contribute to geographical distance. These include the physical scene of the nation, topography, access to waterways as well as transportation and communication infrastructures. These are among the attributes that have impacted the effective business performance of the multinational business in the Chinese economy.

One of the key issues any nation faces is how to structure its trade Essay

One of the key issues any nation faces is how to structure its trade relations with other nations. A. How and why did England st - Essay Example During mercantile period, increase in exports over imports was considered the means to enhance national wealth in British colonies. Lahaye further points out that, The Navigation Act passed in 1660 limited the trade to be conducted by English ships and English seamen; and this encouraged English ships monopoly over trade within British Empire and highly limited the trade of foreign vessels within English ports. Further revisions of act improved the trade process in England. The revisions of act ensured that the trade shipped from its point of production to England or colonial port prior to its shipping to its foreign destination. At the same time, it also demanded the foreign goods set for colonies to be stopped in England prior to the distribution. This made England a well known centre for colonial trade. It encouraged the flow of goods through the country and thereby allowed the taxes to be levied. Further phases of Navigation Act grouped products as those to be shipped to ports wi thin British Empire and as those to be shipped to foreign countries. It also imposed regulations on the manufacture and trade of colonial products. British government supported products like iron, lumber, and other raw materials needed within Empire. At the same time, the colonial products that competed with products produced at home were discouraged. As a matter of fact, the mercantile system in Britain allowed for colonial monopoly over certain markets such as of tobacco and also provided the way for development of colonial shipbuilding. Free trade, as the name implies allows the free movement of goods, capital, and labor between nations. It provides specialization in manufacturing and export of products in a country overcoming all possible barriers of trade process. Free trade enables smooth conduction of trade between countries ‘without the influence or intervention of government through quotas or duties’ (Free trade explained). The scale of production depends on th e size of the market; if the market of nation is small, it may not encourage the producers to produce variety of products. Free trade combines individual markets with a larger world market proving beneficial to small sized markets. The expansion of the market size improves competition and enables the individual firms to enhance their trade. Free trade provides better economic environment for individual markets with the access to advanced technologies and better resource allocation. The feasibility of the technology helps domestic firms to connect with other individual firms abroad thereby enhancing the productivity of land and labor. This will also help industries in narrowing the range of goods and services. It ensures decrease in the costs of goods while maintaining the efficiency of utilized resources. Some of the factors that make free trade highly preferable for successful trade include the accessibility of enhanced production factors and free access to global markets. The unhi ndered access to global markets provides firms with the essential information on trends prevailing in the global market. As free trade improves competition, companies try to satisfy the customers with innovative products. Thus free trade amplifies innovative creations and improves productivity. Moreover free trade is advantageous in eliminating oligopolies and monopolies (free trade explained). However, free trade cannot be always regarded as the best policy due to

Christlogical review of the movies Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell Essay

Christlogical review of the movies Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell - Essay Example In this book it was described â€Å"how the Christian church dares appeal to a Jesus who never existed, to a mandate he never issued, and to a claim that he was God’s son, whom he never presumed for himself†. As Christianity began to spread from its original home and started spreading beyond Judaism into the Hellenistic world of the great Roman Empire, the main challenge became finding a way to express its faith in the thought categories of the Greco-Roman world. Gradually, Hellenistic philosophy proved to be helpful in this context but at the same time it represented a threat as it was a language of a very different culture. The greatest challenge confronted by church at this time was to adopt a new philosophical culture without simply â€Å"Hellenizing† its faith (Rausch, â€Å"Who is Jesus?: An introduction to Christology†). Since the inception of cinema as a medium of art many great movies were made that relates historical Jesus with our daily life. Two such all time great movies are ‘Godspell’ and ‘Jesus Christ Superstar’, that to a great extent emerges as a true weapon for the quest of real and true historical Jesus behind the gospels and the doctrines of church. Cinema is a strong medium to reach a lot of people at once. This paper presents the discourse that Jesus is everyman and how the impact of this saint can be felt through these movies. The directors of the movies through their plot, character presentation and setting displays that by deviating biblical facts, they actually bring Jesus close to common man and thereby his magic can be felt more strongly which can be perceived through the Christological review of both the films. Released in 1973, the film ‘Godspell’ is based on the Off-Broadway musical Godspell of John Michael Tebelak. With the backdrop of modern New York along with its excellent star cast, the film received positive response both from critics as well as general

The Soda Pop Board of America Advertisement Essay

The Soda Pop Board of America Advertisement - Essay Example This "The Soda Pop Board of America Advertisement" essay outlines the peculiarities of the food ad. This particular advertisement selected also understands that individuals who are attracted to notions of family experience a variety of sociological rituals inside the home. The rituals are â€Å"the cultural values of a community that offer predictability, and provide important avenues for expression of identity and culture† (Leeds-Hurwitz 2002:34). This advertisement depicts a mother that is abundantly satisfied with her child, who is pictured to her right with a glowing smile. By using the bottle of soda within the ad along with the notion that cola helps lead to a better life, the advertisers recognize the ritual of dining together with family-oriented buyers and play on these lifestyle elements. Serving food and family time together, as only two examples, are rituals that hailed from this particular time period, such as timing family dinner for service the moment the breadw inner father figure returns. By utilizing the mother in this advertisement, it clearly illustrates the role of the woman as caretaker and links baby health and well-being with cola consumption. Determining what type of beverage or foodstuff to serve the child is a ritualistic aspect of life and duty in this particular time period where the advertisement was launched. This advertisement also appeals to elements of this culture in which uncertainty is not tolerated when it relates to family roles and the familial structures that guide lifestyle principles.... ining what type of beverage or foodstuff to serve the child is a ritualistic aspect of life and duty in this particular time period where the advertisement was launched. Culturally, this advertisement also appeals to elements of this culture in which uncertainty is not tolerated when it relates to family roles, gender roles, and the familial structures that guide lifestyle principles. Uncertainty avoidance occurs when individuals will not accept high uncertainty, ambiguity or lack of structure at home or in the professional environment. People in â€Å"uncertainty accepting cultures† are more tolerant of conflicting opinion and have fewer rules† (Donnison 2008:17). During this period, the household roles were clearly identified and social backlash occurred when a mother stepped out of the caretaker role to explore personal desires or a career. The advertisers understand the cultural need for structure and use cola as a psychological motivator to ensure that the primary c oncern of a mother, her child’s needs and happiness, receive considerable attention and certainty. At this period, as already identified, there was much social inequality that still exists today. â€Å"Social inequality is a fundamental predictor of virtually all social processes and a person’s position in this system is the most consistent predictor of his or her behaviour, attitudes, and life choices† (sociologyindex.com 2011: 1). In this advertisement, the child is depicted as healthy and attractive in measurement to other children. By illustrating an individual that clearly hails from a very modest home environment and impressing the notion of a more affluent child, the cola manufacturer also maintains the ability to somewhat deceive the reader who is looking for someone to give her life